McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

9

Antibiotics

Learning objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain how an antibiotic is selected for use in a particular clinical situation.

2. Describe therapeutic actions, indications, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, most common adverse reactions and important drug–drug interactions associated with each of the classes of antibiotics. 3. Discuss the use of antibiotics as they are used across the lifespan. 4. Compare and contrast key drugs for each class of antibiotics with other drugs in that class. 5. Outline care considerations for people receiving each class of antibiotic.

Test your current knowledge of antibiotics with a PrepU Practice Quiz!

Simulation-based learning On completion of the chapter, explore the scenario of Kenneth Bronson (Part 1) who has been diagnosed with a strep throat. Continue onto the second scenario (Part 2) as his condition deteriorates into an emergency situation. Consider the medication management of Kenneth’s condition throughout his episode of care. What learning from the chapter, can be applied to the case?

Glossary of key terms aerobic: bacteria that depend on oxygen for survival

anaerobic: bacteria that survive without oxygen, which are often seen when blood flow is cut off to an area of the body antibiotic: chemical that is able to inhibit the growth of specific bacteria or cause the death of susceptible bacteria gram-negative: bacteria that accept a negative stain and are frequently associated with infections of the genitourinary or GI tract gram-positive: bacteria that take a positive stain and are frequently associated with infections of the respiratory tract and soft tissues synergistic: drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness

AMINOGLYCOSIDES amikacin

CEPHALOSPORINS First-generation cefalotin cephalexin cephazolin Second-generation

FLUOROQUINOLONES ciprofloxacin moxifloxacin norfloxacin ofloxacin

Third-generation cefotaxime ceftazidime ceftriaxone Fourth-generation cefepime Fifth-generation ceftaroline

framycetin gentamicin neomycin tobramycin

PENICILLINS AND PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT ANTIBIOTICS Penicillins benzathine penicillin benzylpenicillin

cefaclor cefoxitin cefuroxime

CARBAPENEMS doripenem ertapenem imipenem-cilastatin meropenem