Lippincott Certification Review Medical-Surgical Nursing

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Chapter 18

Selected References Adelman, R., Vemulakonda, G., Bailey, S., Fawsi, A., Lim, J., Ying, G. & Flaxel, C. (2019). Age-related macular degeneration preferred practice pattern. American Academy of Ophthalmology , 127 (1), P1–P65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.024 Al Aaraj, M. S., & Kelley, C. (2022). Malignant otitis externa. In StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32310598/ Bickley, L. S., Szilagyi, P. G., Hoffman, R. M., & Soriano, R. P. (2021). Physical examination. In R. Soriano (Ed.), Bates’ guide to physical examination and history taking (13th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551502/ Blair, K., & Czyz, C. N. (2022). Retinal detachment. In StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK551502/ Boyd, K. (September 30, 2020a). Glaucoma diagnosis . American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/ diseases/what-is-glaucoma Boyd, K. (December 12, 2020b). What is glaucoma? Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment . American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/ what-is-glaucoma Gurnani, B., & Tripathy, K. (2022). Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. In StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35881761/ Hidaka, H., Ito, M., Ikeda, R., Kamide, Y., Kuroki, H., Nakano, A., Yoshida, H., Takahashi, H., Iino, Y., Harabuchi, Y., & Kobayashi, H. (2023). Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children in Japan – 2022 update. Auris Nasus Larynx , 50 (5), 655–699. https://doi-org.frontier.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.anl.2022.12.004 Jackson, T. L., Bunce, C., Desai, R., Hillenkamp, J., Lee, C. N., Lois, N., Peto, T., Reeves, B. C., Steel, D. H., Edwards, R. T., Question 10. Correct answer: B The Amsler grid test is a simple test that will help detect visual distortion that occurs with age-related macular degeneration, which matches the reported symptoms. Tonometry is used to check for glaucoma, and slit lamp examination is used to visualize cataracts. Fluorescein staining is used with a Wood’s lamp to visualize eye injuries and foreign bodies. Question 8. Correct answer: D Risk factors for retinal detachment include high myopia, prior intraocular surgery, family history, detachment in the other eye, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Stickler syndrome, homocystinuria, and metabolic and vascular disease. The other risk factors are not known to be related to retinal detachment. Question 9. Correct answer: B Sudden eye pain can indicate closed-angle glaucoma, which is a medical emergency. Option A indicates the patient’s vision is stable, and Option C is not concerning. Option D is a common treatment for glaucoma.

van Meurs, J. C., Wafa, H., & Wang, Y. (2022). Vitrectomy, subretinal tissue plasminogen activator and intravitreal gas for submacular haemorrhage secondary to exudative age related macular degeneration (TIGER): Study protocol for a phase 3, pan-European, two-group, non-commercial, active control, observer-masked, superiority, randomised controlled surgical trial. Trials , 23 (1), 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13063-021-05966-3 Kang, E. (2020). Septal deviation correction methods and surgical considerations in turbinoplasty. Archives of Plastic Surgery , 47 (06), 522–527. https://doi-org.frontier.idm.oclc. org/10.5999/aps.2020.02033 Kwok, J. M., Yu, C. W., & Christakis, P. G. (2020). Retinal detachment. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne , 192 (12), E312. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.191337 Malpani, S. N., & Deshmukh, P. (2022). Deviated nasal septum a risk factor for the occurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cureus , 14 (10), e30261. https://doi-org.frontier.idm.oclc.org/10.7759/ cureus.30261 Mathers, D. (2016). Nursing management: Upper respiratory problems . https://nursekey.com/ nursing-management-upper-respiratory-problems/ Mayo Clinic Staff. (December 15, 2021). Septoplasty . https:// www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/septoplasty/about/ pac-20384670 Medina-Blasini, Y., & Sharman, T. (2022). Otitis externa. In StatPearls . StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32310515/ National Eye Institute. (January 13, 2023a). Cataracts: At a glance . https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/ eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts/types-cataract Question 11. Correct answer: C Otitis externa’s first-line treatment is topical antibiotic otic drops. The patient and family will need instructions on how to use them properly for optimal results. Option A is incorrect because a tympanostomy tube is not indicated for an external otitis media. Option B is incorrect because cotton swabs increase the risk of trauma to the ear canal and predispose to otitis externa. Option D is incorrect because the first-line treatment for otitis externa is topical otic drops. Question 12. Correct answer: A Newer bisphosphonates have recently replaced sodium fluoride to prevent otic bone remodeling. The inner ear is not inflamed and will not benefit from steroids. Loop diuretics may be used for Ménière disease to decrease the fluid in the inner ear. Otosclerosis is not an infectious process, so antibiotics will have no effect.

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