Kaplan + Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e

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Chapter 31: Child Psychiatry

Table 31.2-4 Commonly Used Child and Adolescent Psychological Assessment Instruments ( continued ) Test Age/Grades Data Generated and Comments Projective tests Rorschach Inkblots 3–adult

Special scoring systems. Most recently developed and increasingly universally accepted is John Exner’s Comprehensive System (1974). Assesses perceptual accuracy, integration of affective and intellectual functioning, reality testing, and other psychological processes. Generates stories that are analyzed qualitatively. Assumed to provide especially rich data regarding interpersonal functioning. Qualitative analysis and hypothesis generation, especially regarding subject’s feelings about self and significant others. Qualitative analysis and hypothesis generation regarding an individual’s perception of family structure and sentient environment. Some objective scoring systems in existence. Primarily qualitative analysis, although some objective scoring systems have been developed. 1992 version of widely used personality measure, developed specifically for use with adolescents. Standard scores: 3 validity scales, 14 clinical scales, additional content and supplementary scales. Standard scores for 20 scales grouped into three categories: Personality styles; expressed concerns; behavioral correlates. Normed on adolescent population. Focuses on broad functional spectrum, not just problem areas. Measures 14 primary personality traits, including emotional stability, self-concept level, excitability, and self-assurance. Generates combined broad trait patterns including extraversion and anxiety.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Machover Draw-A-Person Test (DAP) Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD)

6–adult

3–adult

3–adult

Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank

Child,

adolescent, and adult forms

Personality tests Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Adolescent (MMPI-A)

14–18

Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI)

13–18

Children’s Personality Questionnaire

8–12

Neuropsychological screening tests and test batteries Developmental Test of Visual- Motor Integration (VMI) Benton Visual Retention Test Benton Visual Motor Gestalt Test Reitan-Indiana Neuropsychological Test Battery for Children Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for Older Children Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: Children’s Revision LNNB:C

2–16

Screening instrument for visual motor deficits. Standard scores, age equivalents, percentiles. Assesses presence of deficits in visual-figure memory. Mean scores by age. Assesses visual-motor deficits and visual-figural retention. Age equivalents.

6–adult 5–adult

5–8

Cognitive and perceptual-motor tests for children with suspected brain damage.

9–14

Same as Reitan-Indiana.

8–12

Sensory-motor, perceptual, cognitive tests measuring 11 clinical and 2 additional domains of neuropsychological functioning. Provides standard scores.

Developmental status Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition Mullen Scales of Early Learning

16 days–42 mos

Mental, motor, and behavior scales measuring infant, development. Provides standard scores.

Newborn–5 yrs

Language and visual scales for receptive and expressive ability. Yields age scores and T scores.

(Adapted from Racusin G, Moss N. Psychological assessment of children and adolescents. In: Lewis M, ed. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehen- sive Textbook . Philadelphia: Williams Wilkins; 1991, with permission.)

Whereas infant assessments rely heavily on sensorimotor func- tions, intelligence testing in older children and adolescents includes later-developing functions, including verbal, social, and abstract cognitive abilities. Intelligence Tests for School-Age Children and Ado- lescents.  The most widely used test of intelligence for

school-age children and adolescents is the third edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-R). It can be given to children from 6 to 17 years of age and yields a ver- bal IQ, a performance IQ, and a combined full-scale IQ. The verbal subtests consist of vocabulary, information, arithmetic, similarities, comprehension, and digit span (supplemental) cat- egories. The performance subtests include block design, picture