Kaplan + Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e

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Chapter 31: Child Psychiatry

Figure 31.1-5 Contrast between full-term ( A and B ) and premature ( C and D ) infants. Note the limp sprawl of the baby in C and the difficulty in raising the head to clear the nose and mouth in D. (Reprinted from Stone LJ, Church J. Childhood and Adolescence . 4 th ed. NewYork: Random House; 1979:7, with permission.)

Emotional and Social Development.  By the age of 3 weeks, infants imitate the facial movements of adult care- givers. They open their mouths and thrust out their tongues in response to adults who do the same. By the third and fourth months of life, these behaviors are easily elicited. These imita- tive behaviors are believed to be the precursors of the infant’s

become intentional in their actions. By the end of the second year of life, children begin to use symbolic play and language. Jean Piaget (1896–1980), a Swiss psychologist, observed the growing capacity of young children (including his own) to think and to reason. An outline of the Piaget’s stages of cogni- tive development is presented in Table 31.1-4.

Figure 31.1-6 Moro reflex. (Reprinted with permission from Stone LJ, Church J. Childhood and Adolescence . 4 th ed. NewYork: Random House 1979:14 with permission.)