Huston_Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing,

Chapter 16 Educating and Socializing Staff in a Learning Organization

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DISPLAY 16.4 OBSTACLES AND ASSETS TO ADULT LEARNING

Obstacles to Learning Institutional barriers Time Self-confidence Situational obstacles Family reaction Special individual obstacles Assets for Learning High self-motivation Self-direction A proven learner Knowledge experience reservoir Special individual assets

Indeed, Bandura (1977) felt that four separate processes were involved in social learn ing. First, people learn because of the direct experience of the effects of their actions. Sec ond, knowledge is frequently obtained through vicarious experiences, such as by observing someone else’s actions. Third, people learn by judgments voiced by others, especially when vicarious experience is limited. Fourth, people evaluate the soundness of the new information by reasoning through inductive and deductive logic. If observational learning is to succeed, individuals must be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled (Cherry, 2021). Figure 16.1 depicts Bandura’s social learning theory process. Other Learning Concepts The following learning concepts may also help the leader-manager meet the learning needs of staff in LOs: • Readiness to learn . This refers to the maturational and experiential factors in the learner’s background that influence learning; it is not the same as motivation to learn. Maturation means that the learner has received the prerequisites for the next stage of learning. The Changing Learning Needs L earning needs and the maturity of those in a class often influence course content and teaching methods. Look back at how your learning needs and maturity level have changed since you were a beginning nursing student. When viewed as a whole, were you and the other beginning nursing students child or adult learners? Compare Knowles’s (1970) pedagogy and andragogy characteristics to determine this. ASSIGNMENT: Are pedagogical teaching strategies appropriate for beginning nursing students? If so, when does the nursing student make the transition to adult learner? What teaching modes do you believe would be most conducive to learning for a beginning nursing student? Would this change as students progressed through the nursing program? Support your beliefs with rationale. LEARNING EXERCISE 16.1