Huston_Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing,

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Contents

22 Collective Bargaining, Unionization, and Employment Laws 568 Introduction 569 Unions and Collective Bargaining 570 Historical Perspective of Unionization in America 571 Union Representation of Nurses 573 American Nurses Association and Collective Bargaining 574 Employee Motivation to Join or Reject Unions 575 Averting the Union 578 Union-Organizing Strategies 580 Steps to Establish a Union 581 The Managers’ Role During Union Organizing 581 The Nurse as Supervisor: Eligibility for Protection Under the National Labor Relations Act 583 Employment Legislation 584 State Health Facilities Licensing Boards 593 Integrating Leadership Skills and Management Functions When Working with Collective Bargaining, Unionization, and Employment Laws 593 Additional Learning Exercises and Applications 595

Roles and Functions in Controlling 599

UNIT VII

23 Quality Control in Creating a Culture of Patient Safety 600 Introduction 601 Defining Quality Health Care 602 Quality Control as a Systematic Process 604 FOCUS PDCA 606

The Development of Standards 607 Audits as a Quality Control Tool 608 Standardized Nursing Languages 610 Quality Improvement Models 611 Who Should Be Involved in Quality Control? 612 Quality Measurement as an Organizational Mandate 613 Professional Standards Review Organizations 614 The Prospective Payment System 614 The Joint Commission 614 National Committee for Quality Assurance 618 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators 619 Report Cards 619 Medical Errors: An Ongoing Threat to Quality of Care 620 The Leapfrog Group 622 Six Sigma Approach and Lean Manufacturing 622 Reforming the Medical Liability System 625 Integrating Leadership Roles and Management Functions with Quality Control 627 Additional Learning Exercises and Applications 629