Fundamentals of Nursing and Midwifery 2e

Unit III Thoughtful practice and the process of care

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Duffield, C., Roche, M., O’Brien-Pallas, L., Diers, D., Aisbett, C., King, M., Aisbett, K. & Hall, J. (2007). Glueing it together: Nurses, their work environments and patient safety . Sydney: University of Technology. Ebright, P.L., Patterson, E., Chalko, B. & Render, M.L. (2003). Understanding the complexity of registered nurse work in acute care settings. Journal of Nursing Administration , 33(12), 630–638. Etheridge, S.A. (2007). Learning to think like a nurse: Stories from new nurse graduates. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing , 38(1), 24–30. Facione, P.A. (2013). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Essay. Millbrae, CA: Insight Assessment, Measured Reasons and the California Academic Press. Viewed online 9 January 2013 at www.insightassessment.com/pdf_files/what&why2006.pdf. Fowler, L.P. (1998). Improving critical thinking in nursing practice. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development , 14(4), 183–187. Goransson, K.E., Ehnfors, M., Fonteyn, M.E. & Ehrenberg, A. (2007). Thinking strategies used by registered nurses during emergency department triage. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 61(2), 163–172. Gross Forneris, S. & Peden-McAlpine, C. (2007). Evaluation of a reflective learning intervention to improve critical thinking in novice nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 57(4), 410–421. Higuchi Smith, K. & Donald, J. (2002). Thinking processes used by nurses in clinical decision-making. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(4), 145–153. Hoffman, K.A., Aitken, L. & Duffield, C. (2009). A comparison of novice and expert nurses’ cue collection during clinical decision-making: Verbal protocol analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies , 46(10), 1335–1344. Hoffman, K.A., Duffield, C. & Donoghue, J. (2004). Barriers to clinical decision-making in nurses in Australia. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing , 21(3), 8–13. Janssen, P.M., de Jonge, J. & Bakker, A.B. (1999). Specific determinants of intrinsic work motivation, burnout and turnover intentions: A study among nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29 (6), 1360–1369. Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, Y., Jeong, S., Noble, D., Norton, C., Roche, J. & Hickey, N. (2010). The ‘five rights’ of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students’ ability to identify and manage clinically ‘at risk’ patients. Nurse Education Today , 30(6), 515–520. Levett-Jones, T. & Hoffman, K.A. (2013). Clinical reasoning: What it is and why it matters. In T. Levett-Jones (Ed.), Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse . Sydney: Pearson Australia. Martin, C. (2002). The theory of critical thinking in nursing. Nursing Education Perspectives , 23(5), 243–247. McCormack, B. & McCance, T.V. (2010). Person-centred nursing: Theory and practice . Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). (2007). A national framework for the development of decision-making tools for nursing and midwifery practice . Dickson, ACT: Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. Viewed 16 January 2013 at www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines- Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx#decisionmakingframework. Oermann, M. (1997). Evaluating critical thinking in clinical practice. Nurse Educator , 22(5), 25–28. Oermann, M., Truesdell, S. & Ziolkowski, L. (2000). Strategy to assess, develop and evaluate critical thinking. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing , 31(4), 155–160. O’Neill, E.S., Dluhy, N.M. & Chin, E. (2005). Modelling novice clinical reasoning for a computerised decision support system. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 49(1), 68–77. Paans, W., Sermeus, W., Nieweg, R.M.B., Krijnen, W.P. & van der Schans, C.P. (2012). Do knowledge, knowledge sources and reasoning skills affect the accuracy of nursing diagnoses? A randomised study. BioMed Central Nursing , 11, 1–13. Parker, S. & Clare, J. (2008). ‘Becoming a critical thinker’. In J. Daly, S. Speedy & D. Jackson (Eds), Contexts of nursing , pp. 282–296. Sydney: Churchill Livingstone. Paul, R.W. (1993). Critical thinking: How to prepare students for a rapidly changing world. Santa Rosa, CA: Foundation for Critical Thinking.

Developing critical thinking skills

Now that you have had the opportunity to experience a clini- cal reasoning framework applied to an exemplar case, draw on your own experience and apply the framework again, as follows. Recall a patient who you encountered on a clinical placement; for example, one who was experiencing distress and reported ‘having difficulty breathing’, or some similar description. Review the situation and describe it. Refer back to the clinical reasoning process outlined in Box 14-6 and answer the following questions as they relate to this situation. 1. What data should you collect? When you have made a list, consider how you will interpret them. Which pieces of information (what cues) that you have collected do you think are most important to the situation? 2. Now analyse the data. Were your observations within normal limits? How can you synthesise the data that you have collected with the patient’s statement and with what you now know about the patient’s health history? 3. What inferences can you make? Are there any assump- tions that you should question? What conclusions can you reach? What courses of action are available to you? 4. How can you explain your reasoning? What will you document in the patient’s record? Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2012). Critical thinking, clinical reasoning and clinical judgement: A practical approach (5th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Banning, M. (2008). Clinical reasoning and its application to nursing: Concepts and research studies. Nurse Education in Practice , 8, 177–183. Benner P., Hughes, R.G. & Sutphen, M. (2008). Clinical reasoning, decision making, and action: Thinking critically and clinically. In R.G. Hughes (Ed.), Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses . Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Benner, P., Tanner, C.A. & Chesla, C.A. (2009). Expertise in nursing practice: Caring, clinical judgement, and ethics (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. Buckingham, C. & Adams, A. (2000a). Classifying clinical decision- making: Interpreting nursing intuition, heuristics and medical diagnosis. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 32(4), 990–998. —— (2000b). Classifying clinical decision-making: A unifying approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 32(4), 981–989. Bucknall, T. (2000). Critical care nurses’ decision-making activities in the natural clinical setting. Journal of Clinical Nursing , 9(1), 25–35. Chabelli, M.M. (2006). Higher order thinking skills competencies required by outcomes-based education from learners. Curationis , 29(3), 78–86. Cioffi, J. (2002). What are clinical judgements? In C. Thompson & D. Dowding (Eds), Clinical decision making in nursing . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Da Silva, J.A., Cerullo, B., de Almeida Lopes, D. & da Cruz, M. (2010). Clinical reasoning and critical thinking. Revista Latino–Americana de Enfermagem , 18(1), 124–129. De Young, S. (2008). Teaching strategies for nurse educators . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. DiVito-Thomas, P. (2000). Identifying critical thinking behaviors in clinical judgements. Journal of Nursing Staff Development , 16(3), 174–180. —— (2005). Nursing student stories on learning how to think like a nurse. Nurse Education , 30(3), 133–136. Duchscher, J.E. (1999). Catching the wave: Understanding the concept of critical thinking. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 29(3), 577–583. Bibliography