Dalley, 10th Edition

Chapter 2 ■ Back

122

Spinous process of vertebra T11

Transverse processes

T

Lumbar rib

11

Levator costarum

T

Lumbosacral ligament

12

Posterior ramus

1

L

12th rib

L

Intertransversarii

1

L

2

Middle layer of thoracolumbar fascia (posterior to quadratus lumborum)

L

2

Anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

3

L

3 L

Posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

Quadratus lumborum

I

4

External oblique

L

Spinous process of vertebra L4

4

5

L

5 L

Multifidus

Aponeurotic origin of erector spinae

1 S

Aponeurotic remains of erector spinae

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Gluteus maximus

(A) Posterior view

Superior costotransverse ligament

Tip of transverse process

Posterior ramus of a thoracic nerve

Neck of rib

Tubercle of rib

Rotatores brevis and longus

Superior costotransverse ligament

Levator costarum

Lateral costotransverse ligament

Dura mater

Posterior longitudinal ligament

(B) Posterior view

FIGURE 2.36. Deep layer of intrinsic back muscles (transversospinalis muscles). A. Multi dus, levator costarum, intertransversarii, and thoracolumbar fascia. The short lumbar rib is articulating with the transverse process of L1 vertebra. This common variation does not usually cause a problem; however, those unfamiliar with its possible presence may think it is a fractured transverse process. B. Rotatores and levatores costarum. Copyright © 2027 Wolters Kluwer. Unauthorized reproduction of the article is prohibited.

separately in Figure 2.37, and details concerning their at tachments, innervation, and action are provided in Table 2.7. The interspinales , intertransversarii , and levatores costarum are minor deep back muscles that are relatively sparse in the thoracic region. The interspinales and inter transversarii muscles connect spinous and transverse pro cesses, respectively. The elevators of the ribs represent the posterior intertransversarii muscles of the neck. Details con cerning the attachments, nerve supply, and actions of the

minor muscles of the deep layer of intrinsic muscles are pro vided in Table 2.7.

PRINCIPAL MUSCLES PRODUCING MOVEMENTS OF INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS The principal muscles producing movements of the cervi cal, thoracic, and lumbar IV joints are illustrated in Fig ures 2.38 and 2.39, with details summarized in Tables 2.8