BRS

Contents

ix

III. Neural Crest 53 IV. Placodes 54 V. Stages of Neural Tube Development 55 VI. Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis) 57 VII. Medulla Oblongata (Myelencephalon) 58 VIII. Metencephalon 60 IX. Mesencephalon (Midbrain) 61 X. Development of the Diencephalon, Optic Structures, and Hypophysis 62 XI. Development of the Telencephalon 64 XII. Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System 65 Review Test 71

5 NEUROHISTOLOGY 74

Objectives 74

I. Overview 74 II. Neurons 74 III. Neuroglia 77 IV. Nerve Cell Degeneration and Regeneration 81 V. Axonal Transport 82 VI. Capillaries of the Central Nervous System 82 VII. Sensory Receptors 84 Review Test 86

6 SPINAL CORD 90

Objectives 90

I. Introduction 90 II. External Morphology 90 III. Internal Morphology 96 IV. Myotatic Reflex 99 Review Test 100

7 TRACTS OF THE SPINAL CORD 102

Objectives 102

I. Ascending Tracts 102 II. Descending Tracts 107

III. Integrative Pathways 110 IV. Clinical Considerations 111 Review Test 112

8 LESIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD 116

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Objectives 116 I. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions 116 II. Upper Motor Neuron Lesions 118 III. Sensory Pathway Lesions 118