Anatomical Chart Company Catalogue 2014

Reference Materials & Study Aids

Learn quickly with labeled illustrations on the left—and key facts on the right. Rapid Review Reference Guide, 3rd Edition Print Edition: 978-1-60547-102-0 The 3rd edition of the Rapid Review Anatomy Reference Guide features 3 new sections — lymphatic system, immune system, and foot and ankle. This study aid continues to be a student favorite not only for its 31 sections of useful content, but because the labels of each system and organ are printed on acetate overlay pages, which allows quick and effective memorization. Designed for high school, college, and healthcare career students, this reference guide can also be used for patient education. On the left hand side of each section you will find key features for effective studying: • Illustrations of the major systems, organs and structures • Labels of the system, organ or structure on acetate overlays for easy self-testing On the right hand side of each section you will find useful related information: • Additional 4-color illustrations • Key facts about the system or organ • Location of organ or system highlighted on a human figure Illustrated Pocket Anatomy Study Guides • These popular study guides feature a new look, updated content and improved organizational features. The durable, folding format means that our most popular anatomical images are portable for the on-the-go student. Guides show numbered anatomical structures and contain answers that can be concealed for easy self-testing and memorization. Write-on/wipe-off laminated surface. • Folded size: 9“x 4“ (22.9cm x 10.2cm), unfolded size: 9“x 24 (22.9cm x 70cm). Individual Study Guides Muscular and Skeletal Systems, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7678-3 Anatomy of the Heart, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7681-3 Vertebral Column and Spine Disorders, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7682-0 Anatomy of the Brain, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7683-75 Spinal Nerves and the Autonomic Nervous System, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7684-4 Circulatory System, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7685-1 Anatomy and Disorders of the Respiratory System, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7686-8 Anatomy and Disorders of the Digestive System, 2nd Edition 978-0-7817-7688-2 Set of 8 Study Guides PASET8 Breast Anatomy and Disorders not included. MOBILE Powered by Skyscape, Inc., Online Deliverable: 978-1-60831-218-4 • Roots of key words and their meanings • Related terminology and definitions

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FACTS

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MajorHormone

Test yourself on the hormones that are createdby each structure:

Primary Effects

Steroids Mineralocorticoids

RAPID REVIEW

Thyroid and ParathyroidGlands Thyroid gland 1. Triiodothyronine 2. Thyroxine 3. Thyrocalcitonin Inferiorparathyroids 1. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

• Hormones are either steroids, polypeptides, glycoproteins, or derivatives of amino acids. •Themajor effect of hormones is to regulate total bodymetabolism, growth, and reproduction. •Theadrenal, thyroid,parathyroid, pituitary, and pineal glands are exclusively endocrine functioning glands. • The stomach, small intestine, kidney, skin, ovaries, testes, and brainsecretehormonesof theirown. • The pancreas is both exocrine and endocrine in function. It secretes juices into the pancreatic duct and insulin and glucagons into the blood from Islets of Langerhans cells.

Act on the kidneys to regulate sodium and potassium balance.

RAPID REVIEW

Glucocorticoids

Regulate themetabolism of blood sugar and other organic compounds and have a clinical anti-inflammatory effect.

PituitaryGland andHypothalamus Anterior lobe: 1. Growth hormone (GH) 2. Prolactin 3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

PinealGland 1. Melatonin

Testosterone (androgen)

Stimulates the development andmaintenance of themale genitalia, accessory sex organs, andmale secondary sexual characteristics.

Hypothalamus

Estradiol - 17ß

Stimulates female secondary sexual characteristics, stimulates long bone growth andmaturation, helpsmaintain endometrium during pregnancy, helps stimulatemammary gland development. Helpsmaintain endometrium during pregnancy, increases uterine sensitivity to oxytocin, stimulatesmammary gland development, suppresses gonadotropin secretion, and inhibits prolactin secretion.

(estrogen)

Stomach,Duodenum, and Jejunum

Progesterone

6. Luteinizing hormone (LH) 7. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract: 1. Thyrotropic-releasing hormone (TRH) 2. Somatotropin hormone (STH) 3. Corticotropin factor 4. Prolactin-inhibiting factor

Stomach: 1. Gastrin 2. Secretin 3. Motilin

4. Cholesystokinen 5. Enterocrinin 6. Gastric inhibitorypeptide

Androsterone

Weakmale hormone.

Posterior lobe: 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 2. Oxytocin

LOCATION

AminoAcids Epinephrine&norepinephrine

G-cells in pyloric glands: 1. Gastrin

Increase heart and respiratory rates, dilate coronary blood vessels, increase alertness, elevatemetabolic rate. (These effects are commonly referred to as the fight-or-flight response.)

ThymusGland 1. Thymosin 1 2. Thymulin

• For the thyroid hormones, receptor proteins arewithin the nucleus of the target cell. •For the steroidhormones, receptorproteinsarewithin the cytoplasm of the target cell.

3. Thymopoietin 4. Thymic-humoral factor IGF-1

Polypeptides& Glycoproteins Thyroxine& Triiodothyronine

Heart Cardiacmuscle fibers (from the right atrium): 1. Atrial natriureticpeptide (ANP)

Stimulate protein synthesis, promotematuration of the nervous system, and increase the rate atwhich energy is utilized by the body.

S-cell in duodenal and jejunal glands: 1. Secretin

• For the amine, polypeptide, and glycoprotein hormones, receptor proteins are on the outer surface of the target cellmembrane.

Thyrocalcitonin

Promotes a decrease in blood calcium.

Microscopic view

Thyroid-stimulating

Stimulates thyroid to produce and secrete thyroxine.

hro

AdrenalGlands Cortex: 1. Mineralocorticoids 2. Glucocorticoids

o p d

hormone (TSH) rm e (

H

ROOTWORDS

Follicle-stimulating o

Stimulates growth and release of ovarian follicles in females; inmen, FSH stimulates the production of sperm in the testes. r f e

Root

hormone (FSH)

Meaning

Example

3. Androgens 4. Estrogens Medulla: 1. Norepinephrine 2. Epinephrine Kidney 1. Prostaglandins 2. Erythropoietin 3. Renin

Aden(o)-

Gland

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Adenohypophysis

Adren- Andro- End(o)-

Stimulates ovulation, then immediately converts the ovarian follicle into an endocrine gland called the corpus luteum.

Near the kidney

Adrenal gland

Man

Androgen

Within, inner Out, away from

(cross section)

Microscopic view

Endocrine gland Exocrine gland

Growth hormone (GH)

Exo-

Pancreas Islet of Langerhans : 1. Glucagon 2. Insulin 3. Somatostatin 4. Pancreatic polypeptide

Stimulates growth in all organs, promotes fatmobilization, and inhibits blood sugar utilization.

Glyco-

Sweet

Glycoproteins

Hormon-

To excite

Hormones

Alphacell Betacell Deltacell

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Hyper- Hypo-

Stimulates growth, stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids.

Excess

Hypersecretion Hyposecretion

Below, deficient

Oxy-

Quick Spirit

Oxytocin

Thym- Thyro-

Prolactin

Stimulates awoman’smammary glands to producemilk after childbirth.

Thymus gland Thyroid gland Tropic hormones

Juxta- glomerular apparatus

A shield

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Trop-

Stimulates the kidneys to retainwater.

Turn, change

Common bileduct o

Oxytocin

Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and causes themammary alveoli and ducts to contract,which causes themilk-ejection reflex during lactation.

Glomerulus

TERMINOLOGY

Microscopic view

Antagonistic effect: occurswhen the effect of one hormone opposes the effect of another on a target organ. Endocrine gland: gland that directly secretes hormones into the bloodwithout the use of ducts. Exocrine gland: gland that secretes its product into an area of the body via ducts. Hormone: chemical formed in a gland and transported via the bloodstream throughout the body.Attaches to specific receptor proteins to alter function and/or structure of target organs. Permissive effect: enhancement of a target organ’s responsiveness to a hormone from prior exposure to a different hormone. Prehormone: chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that has no potency until converted into an active hormone by target cells. Prohormone: precursormoleculewithin an endocrine gland fromwhich a hormone is formed. Prostaglandin: molecule that exerts its effects within the tissues where it isproduced, insteadof traveling in theblood to influenceother tissues or organs (as hormones do). Synergisticeffect: effectof twoormorehormonesactingonanorgan. Target cell: cell that has the proper receptors to reactwith a specific hormone.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Helps increase the level of calcium in the blood (affects the bones, kidneys, and intestines).

Pancreaticduct

Insulin

Promotes the cellular uptake of blood glucose, therefore lowering the level of blood glucose.

Ovary 1. Estrogen 2. Progesterone

Glucagon

Raises blood glucose.

Testes

Secretin

Stimulates the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juices.

Seminiferous tubule:

Microscopic view

Placental hormones: (fromuterusduringpregnancy) 1. Chorionic gonadotropins 2. Progesterone 3. Estrogen 4. Relaxin

1. Androgen-binding protein 2. A small amount of estrogen

Gastrin

Stimulates the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Motilin

Induces powerful contractions in the fundic and antral pouch regions of the stomach.

RR

Leydig cells:

Somatostatin

Inhibits the release ofGH from the anterior pituitary.

1. Testosterone 2. Androsterone

Gonadotropin

Stimulates follicular development.

Study anywhere, anytimewith these on-the-go guides.

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ALSO AVAILABLE …

Port-A-Pack Chart Set See page 27 for details.

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