AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4: Print + Ebook (AAOS - American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)

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72 | Imaging of the Shoulder and Elbow

B

A

6 | Shoulder and Elbow

C

D

f. Long head of the biceps tear • These injuries are best seen on axial magnetic resonance image. • If the tendon is dislocated medially out of the bicipital groove, subscapularis tear should be suspected ( Figure 7 ). D. Ultrasonography 1. Indications—Suspected rotator cuff or biceps ten don pathology, image-guided injections Figure 4 Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the shoulder. A , Normal rotator cuff insertion (arrow). B , Partial-thickness rotator cuff tear (arrow). C , Full-thickness, nonretracted rotator cuff tear (arrow). D , Massive, retracted rotator cuff tear (arrow). Copyright © Wolters Kluwer, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of the content is prohibited. 2023 2. Advantages a. Noninvasive; can be performed in office setting b. Can be performed in patients with contrain dications to other diagnostic tools (eg, dye allergy, metallic implants/pacemakers, severe claustrophobia) c. Highly accurate for the detection of partial and complete rotator cuff tears ( Figure 8 )

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AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4