AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4: Print + Ebook (AAOS - American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)

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Contributors

Cameron Phillips, MD Oregon Shoulder Institute Southern Oregon Orthopedics Medford, Oregon Stephan G. Pill, MD, MSPT, FAAOS Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of South Carolina-Greenville School of Medicine Associate Fellowship Director Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas Prisma Health-Upstate Greenville, South Carolina Kornelis Poelstra, MD, PhD, FAAOS President, National Robotic Spine Institute Orthopaedic and Neurological Spine Surgeon The Rothman Institute Jersey City, New Jersey CarePoint Health Hoboken, New Jersey Gregory G. Polkowski, MD, MSc, FAAOS

Nicole Reams, MD, FAAN Senior Clinician Educator Department of Neurology NorthShore University HealthSystem Evanston, Illinois Benjamin F. Ricciardi, MD, FAAOS Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Rochester School of Medicine Rochester, New York David R. Richardson, MD, FAAOS Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic Memphis, Tennessee E. Greer Richardson, MD, FAAOS Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic Memphis, Tennessee K. Daniel Riew, MD, FAAOS Co-Chief, Och Spine Department of Neurological Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine New York, New York David Ring, MD, PhD, FAAOS Associate Dean for Comprehensive Care Professor of Surgery Courtesy Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Courtesy Professor of Health Social Work Dell Medical School The University of Texas Austin, Texas Scott B. Rosenfeld, MD, FAAOS Associate Professor Orthopaedic Surgery

Associate Professor and Vice Chair Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee

Benjamin K. Potter, MD, FAAOS, FACS Norman M. Rich Professor and Chair Uniformed Services University - Uniformed Services University Walter Reed Department of Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

Bethesda, Maryland Nicholas Pulos, MD Assistant Professor Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Steven M. Raikin, MD, FAAOS Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Sydney Kimmel College of Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wendy Ramalingam, MD, FAAOS Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital Houston, Texas

Howard D. Routman, DO, FAAOS Director, Palm Beach Shoulder Service The Orthopedic Foundation Atlantis Orthopedics Palm Beach Gardens, Florida Copyright © Wolters Kluwer, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of the content is prohibited. 2023

Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio

© 2025 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4