AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4: Print + Ebook (AAOS - American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)

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Contributors

Chad D. Lavender, MD Assistant Professor Orthopaedics Sports Medicine Marshall University Huntington, West Virginia Nels D. Leafblad, MD Sports Fellow Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah

Elizabeth G. Lieberman, MD Associate Surgeon

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Orthopaedic and Fracture Specialists Portland, Oregon Jay R. Lieberman, MD, FAAOS Professor and Chair Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Keck School of Medicine of USC Professor of Biomedical Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering of USC Los Angeles, California Carol A. Lin, MD, MA, FAAOS Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California Johnny L. Lin, MD, FAAOS Assistant Professor

James Learned, MD, FAAOS Associate Clinical Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, Irvine Orange, California Francis Y. Lee, MD, PhD, FAAOS Wayne O Southwick Professor of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical

Engineering, Pathology Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Simon Lee, MD, FAAOS Associate Professor

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Illinois Kenneth M. Lin, MD Division of Sports Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Redwood City, California Frank A. Liporace, MD, FAAOS Chairman and Senior Vice President Chief, Orthopaedic Trauma and Adult Reconstruction Division of Orthopaedic Trauma and Adult Reconstruction

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Illinois Yu-Po Lee, MD, FAAOS Clinical Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, Irvine Orange, California Philipp Leucht, MD, FAAOS

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center Jersey City Medical Center – RWJBH

Raj-Sobti-Menon Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York, New York Fraser J. Leversedge, MD, FAAOS Professor and Chief: Section of Hand, Wrist and Elbow Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Richard L. Lieber, PhD Chief Scientific Officer and Senior Vice President Shirley Ryan Ability Lab Professor of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Stanford University Stanford, California Alayna E. Loiselle, PhD Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Performance University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York Xuan Luo, MD Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Copyright © Wolters Kluwer, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of the content is prohibited. 2023 Livingston, New Jersey Yusha Liu, MD, PhD Hand Surgery Fellow

Senior Research Career Scientist Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Chicago, Illinois

© 2025 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4