AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4: Print + Ebook (AAOS - American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)

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Contributors

Michael P. Bolognesi, MD, FAAOS Professor, Department of Orthopaedics Duke University Durham, North Carolina Sofia Bougioukli, MD, PhD Hand Fellow Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan David M. Brogan, MD, MSc, FAAOS Associate Professor

Peter N. Chalmers, MD, FAAOS Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Caitlin C. Chambers, MD, FAAOS Assistant Professor Department of Orthopedic Surgery

University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Jimmy J. Chan, MD Clinical Fellow

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri Matthew L. Brown, MD Attending Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Cooper University Hospital

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Emilie Cheung, MD, FAAOS Associate Professor Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shoulder and Elbow Service Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California Cara A. Cipriano, MD, MSc, FAAOS Associate Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Camden, New Jersey William D. Bugbee, MD, FAAOS Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Scripps Clinic/Scripps Clinic Medical Group Fellowship Director, Joint Reconstruction Chief, Joint Preservation and Cartilage Restoration Service Clinical Director of Orthopaedic Research Scripps Clinic La Jolla, California Kevin M. Casey, MD, FAAOS Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kaiser Permanente Riverside, California Thomas D. Cha, MD, MBA Assistant Chief, Orthopedic Spine Service Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital

University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania John C. Clohisy, MD, FAAOS Assistant Professor

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri Anna Cohen-Rosenblum, MD, MSc, FAAOS Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, Louisiana Peter A. Cole, MD, FAAOS Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Boston, Massachusetts Jorge Chahla, MD, PhD Assistant Professor

University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota HealthPartners Orthopaedics Regions Hospital St. Paul, Minnesota Wesley K. Cox, MD, FAAOS

Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Midwest Orthopedics at Rush Chicago, Illinois Joe Chakkalakal, PhD Associate Professor Duke University School of Medicine Assistant Professor, Section Chief Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Medical Director, University of Arkansas Athletics Fayetteville, Arkansas Copyright © Wolters Kluwer, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of the content is prohibited. 2023 Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology Orthopaedic, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories Durham, North Carolina

© 2025 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 4